Sunday, 10 March 2013

Several bodies turn up in Aleppo river

At least 20 bodies were pulled out of Syria's River Quwaiq, most with their hands tied and gunshot wounds to the head.

Most bodies found so far floated down River Quwaiq to opposition-held Bustan al-Qasr neighbourhood [Al Jazeera]
Syrian opposition campaigners have said at least 20 bodies of young men shot by security forces were found in a small waterway running through the contested city of Aleppo.
 
Sunday's discovery was the largest in a single day of number of bodies lifted from what became known as "the river of martyrs", after 65 bodies turned up in late January.
An average of several bodies a day have been appearing in the river since, several activists in the northern city, which is near Turkey, told Reuters news agency.
Most bodies found so far floated down the River Quwaiq to the opposition-held Bustan al-Qasr neighbourhood after being dumped in an upstream district in central Aleppo under the control of President Bashar al-Assad's forces where several security compounds are located, opposition activists in Aleppo said.
There was no official comment from the government.
State media said the bodies found in January were those of people abducted and killed by al-Nusra Front.
Syrian authorities have banned most independent media, making it difficult to verify reports from inside Syria.
Hands bound, shot in the head
Video footage taken on Sunday, which could not be immediately verified, showed 16 bodies of young men dressed in casual clothes lying on the banks of the small stream.
In-depth coverage of escalating violence across Syria
Some had their hands bound, and many appeared to have been shot in the head or had deep wounds to the neck. Some were gagged. One body was covered with mud and flies.
Louay al-Halabi, an activist in Aleppo, said he was present when the bodies were dug up. He added that bodies had been turning up in Quwaiq when the water level, which is controlled from a government held area, is on the high side.
"I counted 23 bodies today. One man literally had his brains blown out," Halabi said.
Halabi said the men appeared to have been prisoners at security compounds in government-controlled areas taken either dead or alive to a public park in the centre of Aleppo that has been turned into a barracks.
Mohammad Nour, another activist who said he had went to the site of the bodies, said the men were in their 20s and 30s.
He added that they were a mix of civilians and captured rebel fighters.
"Six men were identified so far. Five of them were detained by air force intelligence last week," he said.
Assad's forces and rebel brigades have been battling in Aleppo, Syria's commercial and industrial hub, since last year. 

Thai elephant polo trumpets conservation


German royalty, transgender Thais, and New Zealand All Blacks converged to raise money for pachyderm rehabilitation.

Thai transvestites mounted the rehabilitated street elephants, raised the long wooden mallet, and prepared to do battle against some of the world's toughest rugby players.
Welcome to the 11th annual King's Cup Elephant Polo tournament that recently played out in balmy Hua Hin, Thailand, about 200km outside Bangkok.
"This is the most eclectic mix of quirky people you'll find anywhere in the world."
- German Prince Carl Oettinger-Wallerstein
The event was more spectacle than sport with a wide range of colourful characters from a variety of cultural backgrounds. Champagne breakfasts and black-tie parties lubricated the social scene. But by the end of the five-day tourney, the competition inevitably heated up, and pride overrided the party.
"This is the most eclectic mix of quirky people you'll find anywhere in the world," said German Prince Carl Oettinger-Wallerstein, 42, from Bavaria.
Beside the fun and games, there was a serious side to the event: helping elephants - Thailand's revered national symbol. Most of the animals were taken from the jungle to serve as tourist attractions in busy cities such as Bangkok. About 3.3 million baht (US$107,000) was raised this past week for various elephant rehabilitation initiatives.
Elephant polo was first founded in 1982 in Nepal when James Manclark, a scion of horse polo, started the pachyderm version with fellow enthusiast Jim Edwards, now deceased. They rode elephants that gave tourist rides to get the sport up and running, but many adjustments were obviously necessary.
"We tried to play on a horse polo field, but decided it was too far for the elephants to run," Manclark remembered. "We also tried to play with small footballs, but found the elephants would step on them and burst them."
Manclark is typical of the eccentric personalities the tournament attracts each year. An industrialist who lives in Scotland, he unsuccessfully attempted to circumnavigate the globe in a hot-air balloon in 1999.
All Blacks meet lady boys
This year's tournament also pitted former New Zealand All Black's Robin Brooke, Olo Brown and Charlie Riechelmann against opponents such as Panvilas Mongkol "Miss Tiffany Thailand" - a transgender beauty queen - and her team ofkatoey cabaret dancers.
"Here we are watching Thai lady boys playing elephant polo with former members of the All Blacks rugby team," marvelled Prince Oettinger-Wallerstein.
"Handicapping" was afforded the weaker teams to keep the matches even. The transgender squad from the seaside Thai town of Pattaya had never played polo. Points were already on the scoreboard for them before the matches began.
"This year we've had no runaway games and the play has been relatively exciting," said John Roberts, an event organizer. "We've also had allegations of cheating in the past. Each team thinks the other team has paid off the mahouts. But so far, everyone seems to be behaving."
"You really have no control. Often it's just pure luck where the mahout and the elephant end up."
- Robert Mullis, English player
Elephant polo is a challenge even for seasoned horse-bound players. Connecting with the ball while barking directions in Thai to the mahout can be frustrating.
"You really have no control," said Robert Mullis, an English financier who lives in Thailand. "Often it's just pure luck where the mahout and the elephant end up."
Elephant rehab
Some animal rights groups have raised concerns over the sport, including the steel hooks the mahouts use to steer the elephants. But event officials and veterinarians say the animals suffer no pain.
Roberts said most of the elephants were rescued from the streets of major Thai cities. None have ever been harmed while playing polo, he says.
"We have 40 animals for this event so they only have to play a few times each day. We have always worked hard to not stress the elephants, and to make sure they are well cared for by the players and the mahouts," he says.
Since the event kicked off in Thailand in 2001, pachyderm polo has raised more than US$500,000 for various local and international charities dedicated to protecting Asian elephants, both in captivity and the few remaining wild herds across Thailand. 
Funds also go for programs including elephants working with children with autism, therapy for those rescued from street life, and even an elephant ambulance. 
"Much of the money raised has gone to a hospital in Krabi that treats elephants, as well as efforts to stop deforestation across the country," said William Heinecke, whose Anantara Hotel in Hua Hin is the primary sponsor of the event.

Monday, 4 March 2013

Iraqi official: 48 Syrians killed in attack in western Iraq


The Syrian soldiers' convoy was ambushed by gunmen using roadside bombs and machine guns.
"From the beginning, we have warned that some militant groups want to move the conflict in Syria to Iraq," said Ali al-Mussawi,adviser to Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki.
"Militant groups are very active on the border areas between Iraq and Syria. Some of these groups affiliate with al Qaeda in Iraq," he added.
Al-Mussawi said that many of the Syrians killed in the ambush had earlier received medical treatment in Iraq. They were wounded during a battle at the Yaarabiya-Rabia border crossing a few days ago. The point is called Rabia in Iraq; Yaarabiya in Syria.
According to security officials in Ramadi, Iraq, several Syrians were wounded in that battle between the Free Syrian Army and Syrian soldiers.
Dozens of Syrian soldiers and officials took refuge in Iraq by surrendering to that country's army on Friday after rebels took over the Yaarabiya post, the officials said.
They added that the convoy had been headed from Rabia to the al-Waleed border crossing in Iraq's Anbar province when it was attacked.
The United Nations has estimated that about 70,000 people have been killed in Syria's civil war, which began roughly two years ago.
Just on Monday, at least 149 people were killed, according to the Local Coordination Committees of Syria, an opposition group. The deaths include 40 in and around Damascus, 35 in Raqqa province and 25 in Aleppo.

Geneva motor show: Luxury and recession


The Renault stand at the Geneva motor showCar sales across Europe have been hit by weak economic conditions
There is spring in the air in balmy Geneva, where it seems a good idea to whip the roofs off and cruise along the lake.
The idea is far from alien to carmakers here; General Motors is unveiling the world premiere of its convertible Chevrolet Corvette Stingray, and Toyota's GT86 Open, which has been penned as a vision of youthful glamour, helps set the tone for this year's motor show.
Such topless extravagance pales into insignificance, however, at a show dominated by even more luxurious model launches.
At the high performance end of the market, Ferrari's F-150 Enzo-replacement, with a price tag well in excess of a million euros, will be challenged by McLaren's P1, which was first seen as a concept in Paris last September.
Both combine conventional petrol engines with electric motors that will boost their performance.
In the luxury grand tourer segment, Bentley's redesigned Flying Spur will face competition from Rolls-Royce, which is unveiling its ultra-powerful and rather butch-looking Wraith.
The Wraith will be more expensive than Bentley's family of Continental models, however, so it will actually carve out a small market segment that is currently not served by anyone, Rolls-Royce's chief executive Torsten Muller-Otvos told BBC News during a recent exclusive preview event near the carmaker's Goodwood factory.
Harsh conditions
Inside the show halls on Monday, preparations were under way to get ready for a show of glamour that contrasts sharply with the real world outside, where the economic climate remains positively frosty.

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The picture of the European market is pretty bleak to say the least, and it is difficult to see much in the way of positive news or growth potential moving forward”
Ian FletcherIHS Automotive analyst
European carmakers are faced with a persistent economic storm that has resulted in car sales plummeting for many months.
"It started as a sovereign debt issue, which is a financial issue, but in tandem it came to be a consumer confidence issue," says Ford of Europe president Stephen Odell in an interview with BBC News.
Last year, European car sales fell 8.2% to their lowest level in 17 years, according to European industry body ACEA, and weak figures for January showed how sales continued to fall into 2013.
"The further south you go, the tougher it gets," Paul Philpott, president and chief executive of Kia UK, tells the BBC, pointing to how sales in, say, Spain, France and Italy have been particularly weak.
In fact, European carmakers are so gloomy that they are not merely closing down a string of factories across Europe, cutting thousands of jobs in the process.
In addition, many are also slashing staff bonuses and even their executives' pay, reportedly including that of some high profile, successful industry chiefs such as Volkswagen Group's Martin Winterkorn and Daimler's Dieter Zetsche.
McLaren P1McLaren's P1 will compete with Ferrari's Enzo replacement
"The picture of the European market is pretty bleak to say the least, and it is difficult to see much in the way of positive news or growth potential moving forward," observes IHS Automotive analyst Ian Fletcher in a note.
For some carmakers, notably those that rely a great deal on the weakest markets, the situation is dire, but the pain is not shared equally between them. Others are doing well, enjoying healthy growth and economic performance.
Nissan executive Andy Palmer is not concerned about the health of the industry as a whole.
"The industry is Darwinistic by its nature," he reflects. "The strong will survive, the weak will die."
Greener cars
With such a focus on luxury models targeted at wealthy people who seem able to escape economic turbulence unscathed, along with ongoing fears that the plight of the masses will continue to depress sales of ordinary cars, it might be tempting to expect carmakers to have reduced their efforts to produce greener cars.
Toyota GT86 OpenToyota is one of a number of carmakers unveiling a new open top model
But in fact, there is plenty of "ongoing focus on CO2 reduction, high fuel efficiency and alternative powertrains", Mr Fletcher observes.
"There has been a flurry of announcements made by automakers in the lead-up to the show that range from styling concepts to production vehicles, many of which will focus on emissions reduction."
Land Rover, for instance, has been running trials with electric Defenders ahead of the show, Volvo is displaying a plug-in diesel electric hybrid, while Nissan is launching an electric Leaf with a longer range than its predecessor.
But perhaps the most notable "green car" news at the show comes from Volkswagen, which says it will put its ultra-efficient XL1 model into production at the company's Osnabrueck factory in Germany.
The car showcases how weight reduction has become a key feature for carmakers aiming to cut emissions and improve fuel economy, explains V Umamaheswaran, global marketing director, automotive, at Sabic.
Land Rover DefenderEven Land Rover's no-nonsense Defender model could be going down the electric power route
The XL1 uses polycarbonate glazing coated in a scratch-resistant material, which is 30-50% lighter than glass, which helps keep the weight down, while also making it easier for carmakers to improve aerodynamics, he explains.
The XL1 combines a wide range of improvements that has wowed many in the industry.
"It will be the most fuel-efficient production car in the world with fuel consumption of approximately 313 mpg (0.9l/100km) and CO2 emissions of just 21g/km," according to Mr Fletcher.

Wen Jiabao opens China National People's Congress


Police outside the Great Hall of the People, Beijing, China (4 March 2013)Some 3,000 delegates from across the country are attending the Congress
China's National People's Congress has opened in Beijing, beginning the final stage of the country's once-in-a-decade leadership change.
Outgoing Premier Wen Jiabao is delivering his work report, which outlines past achievements and plans for the coming year.
The Congress, China's parliament, will see Xi Jinping complete a transition to president, taking over from Hu Jintao.
The event will be keenly watched to see who secures other top government posts.
Around 3,000 delegates are attending the Congress, including members of the military, monks, ethnic minority representatives and business leaders. The majority are members of China's Communist Party.
Rather than debate policy, the role of the delegates is to ratify decisions already made by party officials behind closed doors, making the Congress essentially a rubber stamp parliament.
They are expected to approve plans to restructure several government departments as well as to amend some long-standing policies on the military, the virtual monopoly of some state enterprises and on individual freedoms.
Vocal public
While the exact schedule has not yet been made public, towards the end of the two-week-long event, Mr Xi will formally become the country's new president.
Last November, he was appointed head of the Communist Party - the largest political party in the world - making the final step to the presidency all but inevitable.
Since his promotion, Mr Xi has been feted in Chinese media as a man of the people who shuns the usual trappings of his position, as well as a staunch nationalist.

People's Congress: Key events

Xi Jinping (left) and Li Keqiang (4 March 2013)
  • Premier Wen Jiabao to give his final "work report", expected to focus on the economy
  • Xi Jinping and Li Keqiang expected to be declared the new president and premier respectively
  • Top foreign policy posts will be filled
  • The new premier will give a press conference at the end of the Congress
He has also been quoted speaking firmly of the need to stamp out corruption at all levels, warning of civil unrest if Party privilege is not tackled.
Also set for promotion is Li Keqiang, who is expected to take over from Mr Wen as premier - the top economic post. As such, he will give a press conference at the end of the gathering and set about forming the country's new cabinet.
China's new leaders are set to inherit a far more vocal public than their predecessors faced, with social media now forcing them to address public concerns more than they ever have before.
On the eve of the Congress, the country's media reflected high public expectations, reporting demands for action on corruption, education, social care, the increasingly pressing issue of pollution and for steps to address the growing wealth gap.
China traditionally announces its annual military defence budget the day before the Congress begins, but this year chose not to. Fu Ying, spokeswoman for the NPC, said the figure would appear in the overall budget.
Early on Tuesday Xinhua news agency, citing the budget report, said defence spending would rise by 10.7% to 720.2bn yuan ($115.7bn), a slight drop from the rise of 11.2% in 2012.
China's military spending has seen several years of double-digit growth - and observers say actual expenditure is believed to be far higher. But the figure falls well short of US military spending.
Ms Fu on Monday defended China's defence spending in recent years, saying the investment contributed to regional stability.
"It won't be good news for the world if a large country like China cannot protect its own security," she told reporters.
China's military might is closely watched in the region, where it is engaged in ongoing and complex territorial disputes with several of its neighbours.
Mr Xi, who has military experience, is seen as being close to the military and has made a point of visiting army units, telling one in December: "All the work in the military must focus on battle preparation."

Sunday, 3 March 2013

US HIV baby 'cured' by early drug treatment


HIVThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks the immune system
A baby girl in the US born with HIV appears to have been cured after very early treatment with standard drug therapy, researchers say.
The Mississippi child is now two-and-a-half years old and has been off medication for about a year with no signs of infection.
More testing needs to be done to see if the treatment would have the same effect on other children.
But the results could possibly lead to a cure for children with HIV.
If the girl stays healthy it would be only the world's second reported cure.
Dr Deborah Persaud, a virologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, presented the findings at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections in Atlanta.
"This is a proof of concept that HIV can be potentially curable in infants," she said.

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Dr Hannah Gay
I just felt like this baby was at higher-than-normal risk and deserved our best shot”
Dr Hannah GayUniversity of Mississippi Medical Center
Cocktail of drugs
In 2007, Timothy Ray Brown became the first person in the world believed to have recovered from HIV.
His infection was eradicated through an elaborate treatment for leukaemia that involved the destruction of his immune system and a stem cell transplant from a donor with a rare genetic mutation that resists HIV infection.
In contrast, the case of the Mississippi baby involved a cocktail of widely available drugs already used to treat HIV infection in infants.
It suggests the treatment wiped out HIV before it could form hideouts in the body.
These so-called reservoirs of dormant cells usually rapidly re-infect anyone who stops medication, said Dr Persaud.
The baby was born in a rural hospital where the mother had only just tested positive for HIV infection.
Because the mother had not been given any prenatal HIV treatment, doctors knew the baby was at high risk of being infected.
Researchers said the baby was then transferred to the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson.
Once there, paediatric HIV specialist Dr Hannah Gay put the infant on a cocktail of three standard HIV-fighting drugs at just 30 hours old, even before laboratory tests came back confirming the infection.
"I just felt like this baby was at higher-than-normal risk and deserved our best shot," Dr Gay said.

China parades foreign Mekong killers before execution



Convicted murderer Naw Kham is led from his cell in Yunnan, China (1 March 2013)

Naw Kham was shown on TV being led from his prison cell by police
Four foreign men have been executed in China for the murder of 13 Chinese fishermen on the Mekong river in 2011, after being paraded on state TV.
The men were put to death by lethal injection in Kunming, Yunnan province.
CCTV News broadcast live footage of the men being taken from their cells to the execution site, though it did not show the moment of death.
Many social media users in China have reacted angrily, condemning the broadcast as insensitive.
It is believed to be the first time in China's recent history that live footage of condemned criminals being taken to their execution has been broadcast.
Since CCTV is controlled by the Chinese authorities, there is no doubt that the green light was given by top government officials, the editor of BBC Chinese, Raymond Li, reports.
It seems that the Chinese government wants to send out a clear signal to the general public that they are taking very tough action against foreign criminals, he adds.
Some have applauded the move, but many Chinese internet users spoke out against the special programme, in what some are saying was a throw-back to the execution rallies of China's past.
Powerful warlord

Analysis

The case has attracted widespread public interest in China because of the brutality of the 2011 killings as well as the unusual circumstances in which China insisted on the right to conduct the trials of the non-Chinese nationals, despite neither the crime nor the arrests taking place on Chinese soil.
Now the decision to show live pictures on state TV of the four men being taken to the execution chamber has made it even more of an issue, pushing it onto the list of most-talked-about topics on Weibo, the Chinese version of Twitter .
Many posts applaud the tough justice. "The murdered Chinese crew can finally rest their souls," Hu Xijin, editor of China's Global Times newspaper writes. "It is necessary to pursue revenge and send a warning to those who kill Chinese people."
But others express unease about what they see as an unnecessary display of vengeance. "This shows the whole world that China still hasn't got rid of barbarianism yet," someone calling themselves You Niao says. "Does CCTV need to give everyone a blood bath?"
A prominent human rights lawyer, Liu Xiaoyuan writes; "Using two hours to broadcast live the process for these criminals facing the death penalty is a violation of the law."
Among the prisoners was Naw Kham, a Burmese man thought to have been one of the most powerful warlords in the Golden Triangle of Thailand, Laos and Burma.
China's state television channel CCTV aired an interview with Naw Kham on Thursday.
"I couldn't sleep properly over last two days. I miss my mother. It is really painful that I can't be with my children," Naw Kham told the channel.
"My mum didn't know when I was arrested, and I am worrying that she won't be able to take it when she finds out," he went on.
Announcing the execution on Twitter, state news agency Xinhua tweeted a photograph of Naw Kham with his hands clasped in front of his forehead. It is unclear when this picture was taken.
Xinhua has said the men had had their "legal rights fully respected" while on death row.
China's foreign ministry said the case highlighted its determination to tackle cross-border crime.
"I think an important message that this case sends is that it shows the determination of China and the governments of relevant countries to work hard together to combat cross-border crime," Hua Chunying spokesman for China's foreign ministry said.
Chinese television used to regularly broadcast the parading of condemned criminals in stadiums and through city streets on the way to executions, and although the practice largely stopped decades ago, exceptions remain, the BBC's John Sudworth in Shanghai says.
In 2008 a man who had murdered his mother was paraded in an open top truck on the way to his execution with a placard around his neck, detailing his crime. And a recent provincial TV show, in which death row prisoners were interviewed by a glamorous female presenter, attracted almost 40 million viewers.
River security
The 13 fishermen were found dead inside two Chinese cargo ships in October 2011 on the Thai side of the river.
State media said Naw Kham and his subordinates had collaborated with Thai soldiers in launching an attack on the ships, the Hua Ping and Yu Xing.
The other men were Hsang Kham from Thailand, Yi Lai, who is stateless, and Zha Xika from Laos, said the Xinhua news agency.
The group were arrested in Laos and brought to China in May last year, after Beijing said the attack had happened on board Chinese-flagged ships.
Beijing argued that the men should be extradited for trial - a move which some observers saw as an indication of the considerable political and economic clout China now exercises over its smaller neighbours, our correspondent reports.
In November, the men were found guilty of intentional homicide, drug trafficking, kidnapping and hijacking.
Two other members of the gang were also convicted - one received a death sentence with reprieve and the other eight years in prison.
Thailand launched an investigation into the allegations against nine of its soldiers in connection with the incident.
The attack came amid a wave of hijacking of vessels sailing on the Mekong which were blamed on gangs operating in the notorious drug-trafficking region.
China, Burma, Laos and Thailand launched joint security patrols on the Mekong in response.
Li Zhuqun, a senior international co-operation official at China's Ministry of Public Security said the gang had now been broken up, but that "efforts to ensure the safety of the Mekong River will continue".
"We will continue patrols and law enforcement co-operation with the other three countries to safeguard shipping on the river," he told China Daily.
Map of the Mekong River

Pakistan Karachi bomb blast kills dozens






At least 45 people have been killed by a bomb explosion in the Pakistani city of Karachi, police say.
The blast in the mainly Shia Muslim area of Abbas Town destroyed several buildings and set others on fire. Some reports spoke of a second explosion.
No group has yet said it planted the bomb, which went off near a mosque as worshippers left evening prayers.
Pakistan's Shia minority are the target of frequent sectarian attacks from Sunni militant groups.

Analysis

Shia Muslims make up about 20% of Pakistan's population of 180 million, and while sectarian violence targeting them is by no means a new phenomenon it is on the rise.
Human Rights Watch says that last year more than 400 Shias were killed in such attacks across the country.
Just in the first two months of this year, nearly 200 Shias - members of the Hazara community - have been killed in the south-western city of Quetta.
Karachi, where this latest anti-Shia bombing has taken place, is notorious for violence of various kinds.
But it is clear that the ability of the authorities to protect Shias is now being tested even more severely - and this as new elections are around the corner.
Political and religious leaders were quick to condemn the Karachi attack and promise help to the victims.
The explosion sent a huge column of smoke into the sky above Karachi and caused a power cut in part of the city.
Police are investigating whether it was a suicide attack.
Rescuers have been struggling to reach people trapped under the rubble.
Residents have been using car headlights to help the search for survivors, local media reports said.
Around 150 people were wounded by the explosion, officials said.
"I was watching television when I heard an explosion and my flat was badly shaken," Karachi resident Mariam Bibi told Reuters news agency.
"I saw people burning to death and crying with pain. I saw children lying in pools of their own blood and women running around shouting for their children and loved ones." she added.
Rescue work was delayed as some residents fired guns into the air in anger at the carnage, reports say.
Sectarian divide
Pakistan's main political and religious leaders rushed to condemn the attack - the latest to target the Shia minority.
Nearly 200 people were killed in two separate bombings targeting the Shia community in the south-western city of Quetta in January and February.
Some relatives of the victims there initially refused to bury their dead in protest at what they said was the failure of the authorities to protect their community from attack.
No group has yet admitted to carrying out the Karachi bombing, but correspondents say suspicion is likely to fall on Sunni militant groups.

Sunni and Shia Muslims

  • Muslims are split into two main branches, the Sunnis and Shias
  • The split originates in a dispute soon after the death of the Prophet Muhammad over who should lead the Muslim community
  • There are also differences in doctrine, ritual, law, theology and religious organisation
  • The great majority of Muslims are Sunnis
  • Pakistan - where Shias are a minority - has a history of sectarian bloodshed dating back to the 1980s
Groups such as Lashkar-e-Jhangvi regard Shia Muslims as heretics and have stepped up attacks in recent years.
They are thought to have set several training camps for militants and police seizures have shown they have access to large quantities of weapons and explosives, the BBC's M Ilyas Khan in Islamabad says.
Some activists called 2012 the worst year in living memory for attacks on Pakistan's Shia community.
But already this year bombings in the south-western of Quetta alone have killed nearly 200 people.
Last month Pakistan's Supreme Court called on the authorities to devise a strategy to protect Shia Muslims more effectively, given the increase in attacks.
Karachi - Pakistan's biggest city and commercial capital - has a long history of violence.
As well as a sectarian divide between Sunni and Shia, that city has also seen conflict between different ethnic communities - Pashtuns from north-west Pakistan, Mohajirs (immigrants from India following the Partition) and Sindhis.
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